Bottles Of Beer

rascal-0.34.0

Synopsis

A Rascal version of a generator for the 99 Bottles of Beer song.

Description

Programs that generate the lyrics for the song 99 Bottles of Beer are a popular way to compare programming languages. At 99-bottles-of-beer.net you can find versions in nearly 1500 different languages and the lyrics can be found here.

Examples

Here is our version:

import IO;

str bottles(0) = "no more bottles";      ❶  
str bottles(1) = "1 bottle";
default str bottles(int n) = "<n> bottles";      ❷  

void sing() {      ❸  
  for (n <- [99 .. 0]) {
       println("<bottles(n)> of beer on the wall, <bottles(n)> of beer.");
       println("Take one down, pass it around, <bottles(n-1)> of beer on the wall.\n");
  }  
  println("No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.");
  println("Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall.");
}

• ❶ We use an auxiliary function bottles that returns the word "bottle" adjusted for the actual number of bottles that is available. Observe how we use the patterns 0, 1 and int n in the definition of three variants of this function.

• ❷ Pattern-directed invocation (see function declaration) will determine at the call site which function will be called. The general case is labeled with default to indicate that if the case for 0 and 1 do not match, this alternative should handle the other cases.

• ❸ The main function is sing that iterates over the numbers 99 down to 1 (as described by the range [99 .. 0]) and prints appropriate lyrics. Observe how the value of the bottles function is interpolated several times in the string.

Here is the result:

rascal>sing();
99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of beer on the wall.

98 bottles of beer on the wall, 98 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 97 bottles of beer on the wall.

97 bottles of beer on the wall, 97 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 96 bottles of beer on the wall.

96 bottles of beer on the wall, 96 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 95 bottles of beer on the wall.

95 bottles of beer on the wall, 95 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 94 bottles of beer on the wall.

94 bottles of beer on the wall, 94 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 93 bottles of beer on the wall.

93 bottles of beer on the wall, 93 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 92 bottles of beer on the wall.

92 bottles of beer on the wall, 92 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 91 bottles of beer on the wall.

91 bottles of beer on the wall, 91 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 90 bottles of beer on the wall.

90 bottles of beer on the wall, 90 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 89 bottles of beer on the wall.

89 bottles of beer on the wall, 89 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 88 bottles of beer on the wall.

88 bottles of beer on the wall, 88 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 87 bottles of beer on the wall.

87 bottles of beer on the wall, 87 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 86 bottles of beer on the wall.

86 bottles of beer on the wall, 86 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 85 bottles of beer on the wall.

85 bottles of beer on the wall, 85 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 84 bottles of beer on the wall.

84 bottles of beer on the wall, 84 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 83 bottles of beer on the wall.

83 bottles of beer on the wall, 83 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 82 bottles of beer on the wall.

82 bottles of beer on the wall, 82 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 81 bottles of beer on the wall.

81 bottles of beer on the wall, 81 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 80 bottles of beer on the wall.

80 bottles of beer on the wall, 80 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 79 bottles of beer on the wall.

79 bottles of beer on the wall, 79 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 78 bottles of beer on the wall.

78 bottles of beer on the wall, 78 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 77 bottles of beer on the wall.

77 bottles of beer on the wall, 77 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 76 bottles of beer on the wall.

76 bottles of beer on the wall, 76 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 75 bottles of beer on the wall.

75 bottles of beer on the wall, 75 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 74 bottles of beer on the wall.

74 bottles of beer on the wall, 74 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 73 bottles of beer on the wall.

73 bottles of beer on the wall, 73 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 72 bottles of beer on the wall.

72 bottles of beer on the wall, 72 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 71 bottles of beer on the wall.

71 bottles of beer on the wall, 71 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 70 bottles of beer on the wall.

70 bottles of beer on the wall, 70 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 69 bottles of beer on the wall.

69 bottles of beer on the wall, 69 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 68 bottles of beer on the wall.

68 bottles of beer on the wall, 68 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 67 bottles of beer on the wall.

67 bottles of beer on the wall, 67 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 66 bottles of beer on the wall.

66 bottles of beer on the wall, 66 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 65 bottles of beer on the wall.

65 bottles of beer on the wall, 65 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 64 bottles of beer on the wall.

64 bottles of beer on the wall, 64 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 63 bottles of beer on the wall.

63 bottles of beer on the wall, 63 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 62 bottles of beer on the wall.

62 bottles of beer on the wall, 62 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 61 bottles of beer on the wall.

61 bottles of beer on the wall, 61 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 60 bottles of beer on the wall.

60 bottles of beer on the wall, 60 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 59 bottles of beer on the wall.

59 bottles of beer on the wall, 59 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 58 bottles of beer on the wall.

58 bottles of beer on the wall, 58 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 57 bottles of beer on the wall.

57 bottles of beer on the wall, 57 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 56 bottles of beer on the wall.

56 bottles of beer on the wall, 56 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 55 bottles of beer on the wall.

55 bottles of beer on the wall, 55 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 54 bottles of beer on the wall.

54 bottles of beer on the wall, 54 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 53 bottles of beer on the wall.

53 bottles of beer on the wall, 53 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 52 bottles of beer on the wall.

52 bottles of beer on the wall, 52 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 51 bottles of beer on the wall.

51 bottles of beer on the wall, 51 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 50 bottles of beer on the wall.

50 bottles of beer on the wall, 50 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 49 bottles of beer on the wall.

49 bottles of beer on the wall, 49 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 48 bottles of beer on the wall.

48 bottles of beer on the wall, 48 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 47 bottles of beer on the wall.

47 bottles of beer on the wall, 47 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 46 bottles of beer on the wall.

46 bottles of beer on the wall, 46 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 45 bottles of beer on the wall.

45 bottles of beer on the wall, 45 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 44 bottles of beer on the wall.

44 bottles of beer on the wall, 44 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 43 bottles of beer on the wall.

43 bottles of beer on the wall, 43 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 42 bottles of beer on the wall.

42 bottles of beer on the wall, 42 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 41 bottles of beer on the wall.

41 bottles of beer on the wall, 41 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 40 bottles of beer on the wall.

40 bottles of beer on the wall, 40 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 39 bottles of beer on the wall.

39 bottles of beer on the wall, 39 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 38 bottles of beer on the wall.

38 bottles of beer on the wall, 38 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 37 bottles of beer on the wall.

37 bottles of beer on the wall, 37 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 36 bottles of beer on the wall.

36 bottles of beer on the wall, 36 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 35 bottles of beer on the wall.

35 bottles of beer on the wall, 35 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 34 bottles of beer on the wall.

34 bottles of beer on the wall, 34 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 33 bottles of beer on the wall.

33 bottles of beer on the wall, 33 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 32 bottles of beer on the wall.

32 bottles of beer on the wall, 32 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 31 bottles of beer on the wall.

31 bottles of beer on the wall, 31 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 30 bottles of beer on the wall.

30 bottles of beer on the wall, 30 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 29 bottles of beer on the wall.

29 bottles of beer on the wall, 29 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 28 bottles of beer on the wall.

28 bottles of beer on the wall, 28 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 27 bottles of beer on the wall.

27 bottles of beer on the wall, 27 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 26 bottles of beer on the wall.

26 bottles of beer on the wall, 26 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 25 bottles of beer on the wall.

25 bottles of beer on the wall, 25 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 24 bottles of beer on the wall.

24 bottles of beer on the wall, 24 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 23 bottles of beer on the wall.

23 bottles of beer on the wall, 23 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 22 bottles of beer on the wall.

22 bottles of beer on the wall, 22 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 21 bottles of beer on the wall.

21 bottles of beer on the wall, 21 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 20 bottles of beer on the wall.

20 bottles of beer on the wall, 20 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 19 bottles of beer on the wall.

19 bottles of beer on the wall, 19 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 18 bottles of beer on the wall.

18 bottles of beer on the wall, 18 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 17 bottles of beer on the wall.

17 bottles of beer on the wall, 17 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 16 bottles of beer on the wall.

16 bottles of beer on the wall, 16 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 15 bottles of beer on the wall.

15 bottles of beer on the wall, 15 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 14 bottles of beer on the wall.

14 bottles of beer on the wall, 14 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 13 bottles of beer on the wall.

13 bottles of beer on the wall, 13 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 12 bottles of beer on the wall.

12 bottles of beer on the wall, 12 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 11 bottles of beer on the wall.

11 bottles of beer on the wall, 11 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 10 bottles of beer on the wall.

10 bottles of beer on the wall, 10 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 9 bottles of beer on the wall.

9 bottles of beer on the wall, 9 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 8 bottles of beer on the wall.

8 bottles of beer on the wall, 8 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 7 bottles of beer on the wall.

7 bottles of beer on the wall, 7 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 6 bottles of beer on the wall.

6 bottles of beer on the wall, 6 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 5 bottles of beer on the wall.

5 bottles of beer on the wall, 5 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 4 bottles of beer on the wall.

4 bottles of beer on the wall, 4 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 3 bottles of beer on the wall.

3 bottles of beer on the wall, 3 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 2 bottles of beer on the wall.

2 bottles of beer on the wall, 2 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 1 bottle of beer on the wall.

1 bottle of beer on the wall, 1 bottle of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, no more bottles of beer on the wall.

No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.
Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall.
ok

If you'd like to write the song to a file then using println is not handy. Here is a version that uses templates to construct a string values which can then be printed or written or processed further in any way:

import IO;

str bottles(0) = "no more bottles";
str bottles(1) = "1 bottle";
default str bottles(int n) = "<n> bottles";

str singString() 
    = "<for (n <- [99 .. 0]) {><bottles(n)> of beer on the wall, <bottles(n)> of beer.
      'Take one down, pass it around, <bottles(n-1)> of beer on the wall.
      '
      '<}>
      'No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.
      'Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall.";

rascal>mySong = singString();
str: "99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n98 bottles of beer on the wall, 98 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 97 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n97 bottles of beer on the wall, 97 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 96 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n96 bottles of beer on the wall, 96 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 95 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n95 bottles of beer on the wall, 95 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 94 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n94 bottles of beer on the wall, 94 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 93 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n93 bottles of beer on the wall, 93 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 92 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n92 bottles of beer on the wall, 92 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 91 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n91 bottles of beer on the wall, 91 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 90 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n90 bottles of beer on the wall, 90 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 89 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n89 bottles of beer on the wall, 89 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 88 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n88 bottles of beer on the wall, 88 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 87 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n87 bottles of beer on the wall, 87 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 86 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n86 bottles of beer on the wall, 86 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 85 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n85 bottles of beer on the wall, 85 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 84 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n84 bottles of beer on the wall, 84 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 83 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n83 bottles of beer on the wall, 83 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 82 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n82 bottles of beer on the wall, 82 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 81 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n81 bottles of beer on the wall, 81 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 80 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n80 bottles of beer on the wall, 80 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 79 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n79 bottles of beer on the wall, 79 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 78 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n78 bottles of beer on the wall, 78 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 77 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n77 bottles of beer on the wall, 77 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 76 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n76 bottles of beer on the wall, 76 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 75 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n75 bottles of beer on the wall, 75 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 74 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n74 bottles of beer on the wall, 74 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 73 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n73 bottles of beer on the wall, 73 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 72 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n72 bottles of beer on the wall, 72 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 71 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n71 bottles of beer on the wall, 71 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 70 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n70 bottles of beer on the wall, 70 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 69 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n69 bottles of beer on the wall, 69 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 68 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n68 bottles of beer on the wall, 68 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 67 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n67 bottles of beer on the wall, 67 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around, 66 bottles of beer on the wall.\n\n66 bottles of beer on the wall, 66 bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass...
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99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of beer on the wall.

98 bottles of beer on the wall, 98 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 97 bottles of beer on the wall.

97 bottles of beer on the wall, 97 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 96 bottles of beer on the wall.

96 bottles of beer on the wall, 96 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 95 bottles of beer on the wall.

95 bottles of beer on the wall, 95 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 94 bottles of beer on the wall.

94 bottles of beer on the wall, 94 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 93 bottles of beer on the wall.

93 bottles of beer on the wall, 93 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 92 bottles of beer on the wall.

92 bottles of beer on the wall, 92 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 91 bottles of beer on the wall.

91 bottles of beer on the wall, 91 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 90 bottles of beer on the wall.

90 bottles of beer on the wall, 90 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 89 bottles of beer on the wall.

89 bottles of beer on the wall, 89 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 88 bottles of beer on the wall.

88 bottles of beer on the wall, 88 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 87 bottles of beer on the wall.

87 bottles of beer on the wall, 87 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 86 bottles of beer on the wall.

86 bottles of beer on the wall, 86 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 85 bottles of beer on the wall.

85 bottles of beer on the wall, 85 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 84 bottles of beer on the wall.

84 bottles of beer on the wall, 84 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 83 bottles of beer on the wall.

83 bottles of beer on the wall, 83 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 82 bottles of beer on the wall.

82 bottles of beer on the wall, 82 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 81 bottles of beer on the wall.

81 bottles of beer on the wall, 81 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 80 bottles of beer on the wall.

80 bottles of beer on the wall, 80 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 79 bottles of beer on the wall.

79 bottles of beer on the wall, 79 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 78 bottles of beer on the wall.

78 bottles of beer on the wall, 78 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 77 bottles of beer on the wall.

77 bottles of beer on the wall, 77 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 76 bottles of beer on the wall.

76 bottles of beer on the wall, 76 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 75 bottles of beer on the wall.

75 bottles of beer on the wall, 75 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 74 bottles of beer on the wall.

74 bottles of beer on the wall, 74 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 73 bottles of beer on the wall.

73 bottles of beer on the wall, 73 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 72 bottles of beer on the wall.

72 bottles of beer on the wall, 72 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 71 bottles of beer on the wall.

71 bottles of beer on the wall, 71 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 70 bottles of beer on the wall.

70 bottles of beer on the wall, 70 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 69 bottles of beer on the wall.

69 bottles of beer on the wall, 69 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 68 bottles of beer on the wall.

68 bottles of beer on the wall, 68 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 67 bottles of beer on the wall.

67 bottles of beer on the wall, 67 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 66 bottles of beer on the wall.

66 bottles of beer on the wall, 66 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 65 bottles of beer on the wall.

65 bottles of beer on the wall, 65 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, ...
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